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What is correspondent banking AML risk?

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Tookitaki
31 Jan 2021
5 min
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In order to understand what correspondent banking AML risk is, let’s break it down.

What are correspondent banks?

The definition of correspondent banking is: Banks in a country that are set up to provide services for another bank or financial institution in a foreign country. The services provided by a correspondent bank include money transfers, currency exchange, trade documentation and business transactions. Typically, in a correspondent banking relation, two banks in two different countries enter into an agreement to open a correspondent account (Nostro or Vostro account), which enables a domestic bank to make payments or do money transfers in local currency on behalf of a foreign bank. An example of a correspondent banking transaction is given below.

  1. A corporate customer of a bank in one country wants to pay for products purchased from a foreign supplier.
  2. The customer approaches its domestic bank and instructs to make the payment (in foreign currency).
  3. The domestic bank determines the local currency value of the foreign products purchased and deducts the same from its customer’s account.
  4. The domestic bank then instructs its correspondent bank in the supplier’s country to pay the supplier in the local currency from the domestic bank’s correspondent account.

Correspondent banks are most likely to be used by domestic banks to service transactions that either originate or are completed in foreign countries. Domestic banks generally use correspondent banks to gain access to foreign financial markets and to serve international clients without having to open branches abroad.

What is an example of this?

For example, let’s say you live in the U.S. and go to your local bank to wire funds to a friend in Spain. An employee at the bank simply searches the SWIFT network to find a correspondent bank that has an agreement in place with the financial institution in Spain. Then, the correspondent bank facilitates the transaction.

Money laundering through correspondent banking

Money laundering, the act of concealing the illegal nature of ill-gotten money, is an international problem. According to the UNODC, the amount of money being laundered across the globe every year is equivalent to 2-5% of global GDP, or USD800 billion – USD2 trillion. Financial crime impacts the economies and communities of all countries, irrespective of their financial health and stage of development.

Money laundering has a global nature as many criminals make use of international transaction options in the layering or integration stages. Correspondent banks play an important role in facilitating cross-border money laundering transactions. Criminals make use of the services of correspondent banks without proper anti-money laundering (AML) controls to pass on their criminal proceeds to jurisdictions where they can use them in a hassle-free manner. Here, we are trying to understand correspondent banking AML risk in detail and national and international regulations to mitigate correspondent banking AML risk.

Correspondent banking AML risk

Correspondent banking is an essential part of the global payment system and international trade depends largely on it. However, these facilities are often abused to facilitate money laundering and terrorist financing. Mitigation of correspondent banking AML is often a difficult task as the domestic bank carrying out the transaction on behalf of a foreign bank has to rely on the foreign bank’s abilities in identifying the customer, determining the real owners, and monitoring correspondent banking transactions for risks. Often, a foreign bank’s AML compliance programs may not be sufficient to meet the AML requirements of a domestic bank.

There have been reports that foreign correspondent accounts have been used by drug traffickers and other bad actors to launder money. Further, shell companies have often been used in the layering process to hide the actual ownership of accounts at foreign correspondent financial institutions. Due to a large amount of funds, many transactions, many AML fraud schemes, and a domestic bank’s unfamiliarity with the foreign correspondent bank’s customers, it is easy for criminals to conceal the source and use of ill-gotten funds. Therefore, governments in a correspondent banking relationship must ensure complementary and robust anti-money laundering / counter-terrorist financing (AML/CTF) measures to safeguard their financial systems.

 

The KYC challenges for correspondent banks

Know-your-customer (KYC) due diligence is an essential element of banking, including correspondent banking. Banks that enter into correspondent banking relationships need to be sure that banks in the chain have correct controls and governance in place, and that their KYC, AML and other due diligence procedures are strong.

Customer due diligence requires that correspondent banks identify and understand their respondents’ banking activities and know if the respondents maintain additional correspondent banking relationships.

FATF guidelines on correspondent banking AML risk

FATF, the international AML/CFT watchdog, recommended various measures to counter money laundering via correspondent banking. FATF noted that “financial institutions have increasingly decided to avoid, rather than to manage, possible money laundering or terrorist financing risks, by terminating business relationships with entire regions or classes of customers”. This so-called ‘de-risking’ practice “can result in financial exclusion, less transparency and greater exposure to money laundering and terrorist financing risks”, according to the watchdog.

FATF advocates the application of the risk-based approach to correspondent banking relationships. It recommended the following measures to counter money laundering via correspondent banking.

  • Due diligence on the respondent institution: FATF recommends additional due diligence measures to be applied to cross-border correspondent banking relationships. Such additional measures are appropriate because cross-border correspondent banking relationships are seen to be inherently higher risk than domestic correspondent customer relationships.
  • Developing an understanding of the respondent institution’s business: The correspondent institution should also gather sufficient information to understand the nature of the respondent institution’s business in line with the risks identified.
  • Verifying respondent institution’s information and assessing/documenting higher risks: When establishing new correspondent banking relationships, the correspondent institution may obtain information directly from the respondent institution. However, this information needs to be verified with independent sources of information such as corporate registries, registries maintained by competent authorities on the creation or licensing of respondent institutions, and registries of beneficial ownership.
  • Ongoing due diligence on the respondent institution: Correspondent institutions are required to conduct ongoing due diligence of the correspondent banking relationship, including periodical reviews of the CDD information on the respondent institution.
  • Ongoing transaction monitoring: Ongoing AML monitoring of the correspondent banking account activity is needed for compliance with targeted financial sanctions and to detect any changes in the respondent institution’s transaction pattern that may indicate unusual activity, or any potential deviations from the correspondent relationship.
  • Request for information about transactions: Where the monitoring system of the correspondent institution flags a transaction, which could signal unusual activity, the correspondent institution should have internal processes to further review the activity, which may involve requesting transaction information of the respondent institution in order to clarify the situation and possibly clear the alert.
  • Clear terms governing the correspondent banking relationship: Correspondent institutions can manage their risks more effectively from the outset by entering into a written agreement with the respondent institution before correspondent services are provided.
  • Ongoing communication and dialogue: It is important for correspondent institutions to maintain an ongoing and open dialogue with the respondent institution(s) including helping them understand the correspondent’s AML/CFT policy and expectations, and when needed, engaging with them to improve their AML/CFT controls and processes.
  • Adjusting the mitigation measures to the evolution of risks: The level and nature of AML/CFT risk may fluctuate over the course of any relationship and adjustments should be made in the correspondent institution’s risk management strategy to reflect these changes.

While correspondent banking is important for the smooth functioning of international trade and transactions, both respondent banks and correspondent banks should have strong AML/CFT compliance programs to mitigate risks. The use of efficient and effective anti-money laundering software is crucial for the success of any AML/CFT compliance program.

The Tookitaki Anti-Money Laundering Suite, an end-to-end, AI-powered AML/CFT solution, is helping financial institutions comply with many regional and international AML compliance regulations and build scalable and sustainable compliance programs that effectively counter AML risk, including correspondent banking AML risk.

To know more about our AML compliance solution and book a demo, please contact us.

 

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Blogs
19 Aug 2025
4 min
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Inside the Toolbox: The Anti-Money Laundering Tools Banks in Singapore Actually Use

Fighting money laundering isn’t about catching criminals — it’s about outsmarting them before they strike.

Banks in Singapore are under mounting pressure to detect, prevent, and report suspicious financial activity. With increasingly complex laundering techniques and heightened regulatory scrutiny, having the right anti-money laundering (AML) tools is no longer optional — it’s mission-critical.

In this blog, we’ll break down the key anti-money laundering tools used by banks in Singapore today, why they matter, and what separates outdated systems from modern AML innovation.

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Why AML Tools Matter More Than Ever in Singapore

Singapore’s financial ecosystem is high-volume, high-trust, and globally connected. While that makes it a premier banking hub, it also exposes it to unique money laundering risks — from trade-based laundering and shell companies to cyber-enabled fraud and terror financing.

In 2024, Singapore’s central bank, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), emphasised the need for proactive, risk-based AML controls — particularly around cross-border transactions, digital payment rails, and corporate structures like shell firms.

For banks, this means building a technology stack that enables:

  • Early detection of suspicious patterns
  • Scalable due diligence processes
  • Timely and transparent reporting
  • Adaptive defences against emerging typologies

Core Anti-Money Laundering Tools Used by Banks

1. Customer Due Diligence (CDD) & KYC Platforms

At the heart of any AML programme is knowing your customer.

What it does:

  • Verifies identity documents
  • Checks customers against watchlists (e.g., UN, OFAC, INTERPOL)
  • Assesses customer risk levels based on nationality, occupation, transaction type, etc.
  • Monitors for changes in customer risk over time (ongoing due diligence)

Why it matters:
Singaporean banks must comply with MAS Notice 626 and other CDD/KYC obligations, including enhanced due diligence for high-risk clients.

2. Transaction Monitoring Systems (TMS)

This is the frontline tool for catching money laundering in real time.

What it does:

  • Monitors transaction behaviour across accounts
  • Detects anomalies like rapid fund movement, structuring, or sudden volume spikes
  • Flags suspicious patterns based on predefined rules or machine learning

Why it matters:
TMS tools must balance sensitivity (catching risk) with specificity (reducing false positives). Delays or inaccuracies here can lead to both regulatory fines and financial loss.

3. Sanctions and Watchlist Screening Tools

These tools scan customer records and transactions against global sanctions, PEP (politically exposed persons), and adverse media databases.

What it does:

  • Automates screening against thousands of global and local lists
  • Supports fuzzy logic to catch misspelt names or aliases
  • Allows for real-time and batch screening

Why it matters:
In Singapore, failure to screen adequately can lead to breaches of international compliance, particularly when dealing with correspondent banking relationships.

4. Case Management and Investigation Platforms

Once a suspicious activity alert is generated, it needs a structured investigation.

What it does:

  • Aggregates data from CDD, transaction monitoring, and screening
  • Allows compliance teams to investigate alerts, upload documentation, and maintain audit trails
  • Supports decision tracking and escalation workflows

Why it matters:
A strong case management system reduces manual work and ensures timely, defensible decisions — especially under audit or regulator review.

5. Regulatory Reporting Solutions

Banks are required to file Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) with the Suspicious Transaction Reporting Office (STRO) via GoAML.

What it does:

  • Automates report generation and formatting
  • Integrates with internal AML systems for data consistency
  • Supports bulk reporting and status tracking

Why it matters:
Singaporean regulators expect accurate and timely filings. Delays or errors in reporting can impact the institution’s standing and credibility.

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The New Wave: AI-Powered AML Tools for the Singapore Market

While traditional AML tools are still necessary, they’re often reactive and siloed. Banks in Singapore are increasingly embracing next-gen platforms that offer:

AI-Driven Detection

Machine learning models identify subtle, emerging typologies — including layering, mule accounts, or deepfake-driven fraud.

Federated Intelligence

Tools like Tookitaki’s FinCense tap into collective insights from other banks (via the AFC Ecosystem), enabling users to spot real-world threats faster.

Smart Disposition and Narration

AI-generated case summaries help analysts understand the full context quickly, speeding up investigations.

Simulation and Optimisation Engines

Before deploying new rules or thresholds, banks can simulate their effectiveness to reduce false positives and operational load.

Real-Time Processing

No delays. Events are flagged the moment they happen — essential in Singapore’s fast-paced payment environment.

Top Priorities for Banks Choosing AML Tools in Singapore

When evaluating AML software, Singaporean banks should prioritise:

MAS and FATF compliance: Is the tool aligned with Singapore’s regulatory framework?

Explainability: Can the AI decisions be explained to auditors or regulators?

Modularity: Does the solution integrate easily with existing systems (core banking, digital channels)?

Scalability: Can it grow with your business and keep up with rising transaction volumes?

Collaboration and intelligence-sharing: Can the tool leverage insights from a wider financial crime ecosystem?

Case in Point: How Tookitaki’s AML Tools Help Banks in Singapore

Tookitaki’s FinCense platform has been designed to solve Singapore-specific AML challenges. Here’s how it helps:

  • Integrated End-to-End Suite: From CDD to case investigation and reporting, all tools work together.
  • AI + Rule Hybrid Models: Combines human judgment with machine learning to flag complex typologies.
  • Federated Learning: Banks gain intelligence from regional crime patterns without compromising customer data.
  • Smart Agent Framework: Modular agents (like FinMate, Smart Disposition) bring real-time insights into investigations.
  • Regulatory Ready: Built to align with MAS guidelines and explainable under Singapore’s AI Verify framework.

Banks like UOB, Maya, PayMongo, and GXS have already turned to Tookitaki to future-proof their compliance and AML operations.

Conclusion: The Right Tools Make the Difference

Anti-money laundering tools used by banks today are not just about ticking compliance boxes — they’re about building resilience. In Singapore’s dynamic financial landscape, staying ahead of money launderers requires technology that is smart, scalable, and strategic.

💡 Whether you’re a digital-first bank or a legacy institution modernising its stack, the right AML tools can turn compliance into a competitive advantage.

Inside the Toolbox: The Anti-Money Laundering Tools Banks in Singapore Actually Use
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19 Aug 2025
4 min
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Building Trust with Tech: Why Choosing the Right AML Platform Matters in Australia

In an era of instant payments and complex laundering schemes, an AML platform is no longer optional — it’s essential.

Australia’s financial landscape is undergoing rapid transformation. Real-time payments, cross-border remittances, and digital banking innovations are reshaping how money moves — and how criminals exploit the system. To keep up, financial institutions need more than spreadsheets or patchwork tools. They need a modern, adaptive AML platform that combines detection, investigation, and reporting into one seamless system.

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What Is an AML Platform?

An AML platform is an end-to-end software solution designed to help financial institutions detect, prevent, and report money laundering and terrorism financing. Unlike standalone tools, a true platform integrates multiple compliance functions:

  • Transaction monitoring
  • Customer onboarding and KYC/CDD
  • Sanctions and PEP screening
  • Case management and investigation
  • Regulatory reporting

By centralising these tasks, AML platforms reduce silos, improve efficiency, and deliver better visibility across customer and transaction lifecycles.

Why AML Platforms Are Essential in Australia

1. AUSTRAC’s Higher Expectations

AUSTRAC’s enforcement actions show regulators are scrutinising systems, not just processes. Firms must prove their AML platforms are effective, adaptive, and transparent.

2. Instant Payments Risk

With the New Payments Platform (NPP), funds move instantly — and so must monitoring. AML platforms built for batch processing are already outdated.

3. Complex Laundering Typologies

Australia faces risks from trade-based laundering, mule accounts, and organised crime syndicates. An effective platform must detect both known and emerging patterns.

4. Cost and Efficiency Pressures

With compliance costs surging, platforms that reduce false positives and investigation time are now a strategic necessity.

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Key Features of a Modern AML Platform

1. Real-Time Transaction Monitoring

Catches suspicious activity in milliseconds across payment rails, including NPP and cross-border transfers.

2. AI-Powered Detection

Machine learning models adapt to new laundering techniques, cutting down on false positives and missed alerts.

3. Integrated Onboarding and Screening

Seamlessly connects KYC/CDD checks, sanctions screening, and risk scoring at account opening.

4. Case Management Workflows

Centralised dashboards, task assignments, and automated escalation paths.

5. Regulatory Reporting Tools

In-built generation of Suspicious Matter Reports (SMRs), Threshold Transaction Reports (TTRs), and audit-ready logs.

6. Explainability

Glass-box AI ensures every alert can be explained to regulators — no black-box risk.

How AML Platforms Support Different Sectors in Australia

  • Banks & Credit Unions: Scale monitoring across millions of daily transactions.
  • Fintechs: Launch compliance programmes fast, with modular features that grow as they scale.
  • Remittance Providers: Manage corridor-specific risks and high-volume cross-border flows.
  • Crypto Exchanges: Detect illicit wallet flows, layering, and cash-out attempts.

Advanced Capabilities to Look For

  • Federated Intelligence Sharing: Access to global typologies through compliance networks like the AFC Ecosystem.
  • Simulation Mode: Test new detection rules against historical data before deploying.
  • Cross-Channel Risk Visibility: Covering traditional banking, wallets, trade finance, and crypto in one view.
  • AI Copilots: Tools like FinMate that provide investigators with case summaries and recommendations.

Spotlight: Tookitaki’s FinCense AML Platform

FinCense, Tookitaki’s end-to-end AML platform, is designed for Australia’s evolving compliance needs:

  • Real-time monitoring for NPP and cross-border transactions.
  • Agentic AI detection that adapts to new laundering methods with minimal false positives.
  • Federated learning from the AFC Ecosystem — sharing global insights while protecting local data.
  • FinMate AI copilot to support investigators with summaries, recommendations, and regulator-ready reports.
  • Full AUSTRAC compliance with explainable alerts, SMR/TTR reporting, and detailed audit trails.

With FinCense, compliance teams can reduce workload, build trust with regulators, and stay ahead of emerging threats.

Conclusion: Future-Proof Compliance with the Right AML Platform

For Australian institutions, adopting a modern AML platform is no longer about ticking boxes — it’s about survival in a high-speed, high-risk financial environment.

Pro tip: When choosing an AML platform, don’t just evaluate features. Assess the vendor’s track record, adaptability, and ability to evolve with the regulatory and criminal landscape.

Building Trust with Tech: Why Choosing the Right AML Platform Matters in Australia
Blogs
18 Aug 2025
4 min
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Top AML Software Vendors in Australia: What to Look For in 2025

With AUSTRAC raising the bar, choosing the right AML software vendor has never been more critical for Australian institutions.

As money laundering risks intensify and AUSTRAC tightens its enforcement grip, financial institutions across Australia are rethinking their compliance technology. But with so many AML software vendors in the market, how do you know which one truly delivers on detection, efficiency, and regulatory alignment? Choosing wisely isn’t just about avoiding penalties — it’s about building trust, cutting compliance costs, and staying one step ahead of criminals.

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Why Vendor Choice Matters More Than Ever in Australia

1. AUSTRAC’s No-Nonsense Approach

Record-breaking penalties against banks and casinos highlight the risks of weak AML controls. Regulators now expect proactive monitoring and transparent reporting.

2. Instant Payment Risks

With the New Payments Platform (NPP), funds move in seconds — and so can launderers. Vendors must support real-time transaction monitoring.

3. The Cost of Compliance

AML compliance spending in Australia is rising rapidly. Vendors must provide tools that reduce false positives and investigative workload.

4. Complex Laundering Typologies

From trade-based money laundering to digital mule networks, criminals are exploiting new channels. Vendors must offer adaptive, AI-powered solutions.

What to Look for in Top AML Software Vendors

1. Proven AUSTRAC Compliance

The vendor should align with Australian AML/CTF Act obligations, including support for:

  • Suspicious Matter Reports (SMRs)
  • Threshold Transaction Reports (TTRs)
  • Complete audit trails

2. Real-Time Transaction Monitoring

Vendors must provide millisecond-level detection for:

  • Instant payments (NPP)
  • Cross-border corridors
  • Crypto-to-fiat transfers

3. AI and Machine Learning Capabilities

The best vendors go beyond rules, offering:

  • Adaptive anomaly detection
  • False positive reduction
  • Continuous model learning

4. Flexibility and Scalability

Solutions should fit both Tier-1 banks and scaling fintechs. Cloud-ready platforms with modular features are a must.

5. Explainability and Transparency

Glass-box AI ensures regulators and internal teams understand why an alert was generated.

6. Strong Vendor Support

Top vendors provide implementation guidance, typology updates, and local compliance expertise — not just software.

Common Pitfalls When Choosing an AML Vendor

  • Focusing on cost alone: Cheaper vendors often lack the sophistication to detect modern threats.
  • Ignoring integration needs: Some platforms don’t work seamlessly with existing case management systems.
  • Overlooking updates: Vendors that don’t regularly refresh typologies leave institutions vulnerable.
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Trends Among Top AML Vendors in 2025

Federated Intelligence

Leading vendors now share anonymised typologies across institutions to detect emerging risks faster.

Agentic AI

Adaptive agents that handle specific compliance tasks, from risk scoring to case narration.

Simulation Engines

The ability to test new detection scenarios before live deployment.

Cross-Channel Visibility

Unified monitoring across core banking, remittance, wallets, cards, and crypto.

Spotlight: Tookitaki’s FinCense

Among the top AML software vendors, Tookitaki is recognised for reimagining compliance through FinCense, its end-to-end AML and fraud prevention platform.

  • Agentic AI: Detects evolving threats in real time with minimal false positives.
  • Federated Learning: Accesses insights from the AFC Ecosystem — a global compliance network.
  • FinMate AI Copilot: Helps investigators summarise cases, suggest next steps, and generate regulator-ready reports.
  • Full AUSTRAC Compliance: Covers SMRs, TTRs, and explainable audit trails.
  • Real-World Typologies: Continuously updated from actual laundering and fraud scenarios worldwide.

FinCense helps Australian banks, fintechs, and remittance providers meet AUSTRAC’s standards while operating more efficiently and transparently.

Conclusion: Vendor Choice = Competitive Advantage

In Australia, AML software is no longer just about compliance — it’s about resilience, trust, and future-readiness. Choosing from the top AML software vendors means prioritising real-time detection, AI adaptability, and regulatory transparency.

Pro tip: Don’t just buy software. Invest in a vendor that evolves with you — and with the criminals you’re fighting.

Top AML Software Vendors in Australia: What to Look For in 2025