Compliance Hub

EU AML Directives (AMLD): All You Need to Know

Site Logo
Tookitaki
5 min
read

Fighting money laundering and terrorist financing is a key priority for the European Union (EU) as it contributes to global security, integrity of its financial system and sustainable growth. Accordingly, the EU creates laws, such as the EU AML Directives, to prevent the financial market from being misused for these crimes.

The single-currency region periodically issues Anti Money Laundering Directives (AMLDs) for its member countries, who are supposed to implement them as part of domestic legislation. These directives are formed based on the risk assessments carried out by the European Commission.

While creating the AML directives, the EU looks to respond to the threats of money laundering and terrorist financing at an international level. It also works with various networks of competent authorities at the international level.

In this article, we look at the various AMLDs issued by the EU, some of the key features of the directives and their objectives.

 

The Early AMLDs

As a formal political and economic entity, the EU’s initial AML efforts date back to 1990 when it adopted the First Anti-money Laundering Directive (1AMLD). The directive mandated banks and other obliged entities to apply measures, ensuring traceability of financial information.

The directive requires that obliged entities shall apply customer due diligence requirements when entering into a business relationship. The entities were required to identify and verify the identity of clients, monitor transactions and report suspicious transactions.

This legislation has been constantly revised in order to mitigate increasing risks relating to money laundering and terrorist financing.

In 2001, the EU set in place the 2nd Anti-money Laundering Directive (2AMLD). It aimed to align the EU’s anti-money laundering framework with that of international organisations such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The key improvement in the 2AMLD was that it expanded both the predicate offences in which money laundering could apply and identified high-risk businesses to monitor more closely.

In 2005, yet another revision was introduced, with the 3rd Anti-Money Laundering Directive (3AMLD). This directive aimed to expand the scope of anti-money laundering by including certain non-financial businesses and professions into its purview, such as legal services or accountancy firms.

The 3AMLD championed a Risk-based Approach (RBA) to Customer Due Diligence (CDD). This also paved the way for more complex and thorough processes, including Simplified Due Diligence (SDD) and Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD).

 

The 4th Anti-Money Laundering Directive (4AMLD)

Implemented in 2017, the 4AMLD is an improved iteration. It comes with safeguards to bolster many of the anti-money laundering provisions outlined in the 3AMLD.

It aims to curb illegal financial activity by urging financial institutions to increase their transparency, thereby taking more accountability if financial crimes do occur. It also encompasses measures to bring the EU’s regulatory compliance standards up-to-par with the FATF’s latest guidelines, ensuring consistency in AML policies across the world.

The 4AMLD has revisions to aid more transactions being monitored and CDD and Know Your Customer (KYC) practices. A unique feature of the 4AMLD is that it regulates e-money products for the first time. Some countries had the discretion to make exceptions to these regulations – as long as certain base conditions were met.

 

Read More About 4AMLD

 

The 5th Anti-money Laundering Directive (5AMLD)

On 19 June 2018, the EU published the 5th anti-money laundering Directive, which amended the 4th anti-money laundering Directive, in its Official Journal. The Member States had to implement this Directive by 10 January 2020.

The amendments in 5AMLD were introduced to better equip the region to prevent the financial system from being used for money laundering and for the funding of terrorist activities. The key provisions of 5AMLD are:

  • Increased transparency about who really owns companies and trusts to prevent financial crimes via opaque structures
  • Better access to information for Financial Intelligence Units through centralised bank account registers
  • Tackling terrorist financing risks linked to anonymous use of virtual currencies and pre-paid instruments
  • Improved cooperation and exchange of information between anti-money laundering supervisors and with the European Central Bank
  • Broadened criteria for assessing high-risk third countries and ensuring a common high level of safeguards for financial flows from such countries

 

The 6th Anti-money Laundering Directive (6AMLD)

The EU’s 6th Anti-money Laundering Directive (6 AMLD) came into effect on 3 December 2020 and it had to be implemented by regulated entities by 3 June 2021. The directive focuses on standardising the approach of EU member states to money laundering, as well as expanding the scope for potential liability for money laundering and the sanctions that member states are to impose under national legislature.

Its mission is to combat money laundering by giving the government and regulatory authorities more prosecuting power while businesses are to ensure compliance. The 6AMLD focuses on an extended list of predicate offences to better represent and address the growing problem of money laundering in the region.

In addition, the directive aims to extend criminal liability to legal persons (i.e. companies or partnerships). This implies that legal persons, as well as individuals in certain positions (representatives, decision-makers or those with authority to exercise control) who commit offences for the benefit of their organisation, can now be held criminally if they are caught money laundering.

The 6AMLD also implemented tougher punishments for money laundering and added the requirement for member states to cooperate with one another in the prosecution of money laundering crimes.

 

Read More About 6AMLD

 

How Can Tookitaki Help Financial Institutions in the EU?

As an award-winning regulatory technology (RegTech) company, we are revolutionising financial crime detection and prevention for banks and fintechs with our cutting-edge solutions. A game changer in the space, we improve risk coverage by democratising AML insights via a privacy protected federated learning framework, powered by a network of AML experts.

We provide an end-to-end, AI-powered AML compliance platform, named the Anti-Money Laundering Suite (AMLS), with modular solutions that help financial institutions deal with the ever-changing financial crime landscape.

  • Our Smart Screening solution provides accurate screening of names and transactions across 18+ languages and a continuous monitoring framework for comprehensive risk management.
  • Our Customer Risk Scoring solution features a dynamic customer risk scoring engine which adapts to changing customer behaviour to build a 360-degree risk profile thereby providing a risk-based approach to client management.
  • Our Transaction Monitoring solution provides comprehensive risk coverage and suspicious activity detection via a one-of-a-kind typology repository and automated threshold management.

Apart from necessary human resources, banks and financial services should have technological resources to carry out their AML compliance activities and duties effectively.  Our modern software solution is based on artificial intelligence and machine learning, which can manage the end-to-end of AML compliance programmes. Our solution can improve the efficiency of the AML compliance team and better mitigate compliance risk.

Speak to one of our experts today to understand how our solutions help your compliance teams to ensure future-ready compliance programmes.

By submitting the form, you agree that your personal data will be processed to provide the requested content (and for the purposes you agreed to above) in accordance with the Privacy Notice

success icon

We’ve received your details and our team will be in touch shortly.

In the meantime, explore how Tookitaki is transforming financial crime prevention.
Learn More About Us
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.

Ready to Streamline Your Anti-Financial Crime Compliance?

Our Thought Leadership Guides

Blogs
18 Aug 2025
4 min
read

Top AML Software Vendors in Australia: What to Look For in 2025

With AUSTRAC raising the bar, choosing the right AML software vendor has never been more critical for Australian institutions.

As money laundering risks intensify and AUSTRAC tightens its enforcement grip, financial institutions across Australia are rethinking their compliance technology. But with so many AML software vendors in the market, how do you know which one truly delivers on detection, efficiency, and regulatory alignment? Choosing wisely isn’t just about avoiding penalties — it’s about building trust, cutting compliance costs, and staying one step ahead of criminals.

Talk to an Expert

Why Vendor Choice Matters More Than Ever in Australia

1. AUSTRAC’s No-Nonsense Approach

Record-breaking penalties against banks and casinos highlight the risks of weak AML controls. Regulators now expect proactive monitoring and transparent reporting.

2. Instant Payment Risks

With the New Payments Platform (NPP), funds move in seconds — and so can launderers. Vendors must support real-time transaction monitoring.

3. The Cost of Compliance

AML compliance spending in Australia is rising rapidly. Vendors must provide tools that reduce false positives and investigative workload.

4. Complex Laundering Typologies

From trade-based money laundering to digital mule networks, criminals are exploiting new channels. Vendors must offer adaptive, AI-powered solutions.

What to Look for in Top AML Software Vendors

1. Proven AUSTRAC Compliance

The vendor should align with Australian AML/CTF Act obligations, including support for:

  • Suspicious Matter Reports (SMRs)
  • Threshold Transaction Reports (TTRs)
  • Complete audit trails

2. Real-Time Transaction Monitoring

Vendors must provide millisecond-level detection for:

  • Instant payments (NPP)
  • Cross-border corridors
  • Crypto-to-fiat transfers

3. AI and Machine Learning Capabilities

The best vendors go beyond rules, offering:

  • Adaptive anomaly detection
  • False positive reduction
  • Continuous model learning

4. Flexibility and Scalability

Solutions should fit both Tier-1 banks and scaling fintechs. Cloud-ready platforms with modular features are a must.

5. Explainability and Transparency

Glass-box AI ensures regulators and internal teams understand why an alert was generated.

6. Strong Vendor Support

Top vendors provide implementation guidance, typology updates, and local compliance expertise — not just software.

Common Pitfalls When Choosing an AML Vendor

  • Focusing on cost alone: Cheaper vendors often lack the sophistication to detect modern threats.
  • Ignoring integration needs: Some platforms don’t work seamlessly with existing case management systems.
  • Overlooking updates: Vendors that don’t regularly refresh typologies leave institutions vulnerable.
ChatGPT Image Aug 17, 2025, 09_25_47 PM

Trends Among Top AML Vendors in 2025

Federated Intelligence

Leading vendors now share anonymised typologies across institutions to detect emerging risks faster.

Agentic AI

Adaptive agents that handle specific compliance tasks, from risk scoring to case narration.

Simulation Engines

The ability to test new detection scenarios before live deployment.

Cross-Channel Visibility

Unified monitoring across core banking, remittance, wallets, cards, and crypto.

Spotlight: Tookitaki’s FinCense

Among the top AML software vendors, Tookitaki is recognised for reimagining compliance through FinCense, its end-to-end AML and fraud prevention platform.

  • Agentic AI: Detects evolving threats in real time with minimal false positives.
  • Federated Learning: Accesses insights from the AFC Ecosystem — a global compliance network.
  • FinMate AI Copilot: Helps investigators summarise cases, suggest next steps, and generate regulator-ready reports.
  • Full AUSTRAC Compliance: Covers SMRs, TTRs, and explainable audit trails.
  • Real-World Typologies: Continuously updated from actual laundering and fraud scenarios worldwide.

FinCense helps Australian banks, fintechs, and remittance providers meet AUSTRAC’s standards while operating more efficiently and transparently.

Conclusion: Vendor Choice = Competitive Advantage

In Australia, AML software is no longer just about compliance — it’s about resilience, trust, and future-readiness. Choosing from the top AML software vendors means prioritising real-time detection, AI adaptability, and regulatory transparency.

Pro tip: Don’t just buy software. Invest in a vendor that evolves with you — and with the criminals you’re fighting.

Top AML Software Vendors in Australia: What to Look For in 2025
Blogs
18 Aug 2025
3 min
read

AML Compliance for Banks in Hong Kong: Challenges & How Tookitaki Can Help

AML compliance in Hong Kong has become a top priority as financial institutions face growing regulatory pressure and increasingly complex financial crime threats.

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), in alignment with FATF standards, continues to tighten anti-money laundering (AML) expectations—pushing banks to adopt stronger, more adaptive compliance frameworks. Yet, many institutions still grapple with key challenges: high volumes of false positives, outdated monitoring systems, and the rapid evolution of money laundering techniques.

This blog explores the most pressing AML compliance challenges facing banks in Hong Kong today and how Tookitaki’s AI-powered AML solutions offer a smarter path forward—reducing operational costs, boosting detection accuracy, and future-proofing compliance.

{{cta-first}}

AML Compliance for Banks in Hong Kong

AML Compliance Challenges for Banks in Hong Kong

1️⃣ Increasing Regulatory Pressure & Evolving Compliance Standards
The HKMA and FATF continue to tighten AML compliance requirements, with banks expected to enhance due diligence, adopt a risk-based approach, and report suspicious activities with greater accuracy. Failure to comply results in severe penalties and reputational damage.

2️⃣ High False Positives & Compliance Costs
Traditional rules-based AML systems generate excessive false positives, leading to inefficient case handling and higher compliance costs. Banks must shift toward AI-powered AML compliance solutions to reduce manual workload and improve detection accuracy.

3️⃣ Cross-Border Transaction Risks & Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML)
Hong Kong’s status as a global financial hub makes it a prime target for cross-border money laundering networks. Banks must enhance real-time transaction monitoring to detect complex trade-based money laundering (TBML) schemes and prevent illicit financial flows.

4️⃣ Adapting to Digital Banking & Virtual Assets
With the rise of virtual banks, fintechs, and cryptocurrency transactions, banks need scalable AML compliance frameworks that integrate seamlessly with digital banking systems and virtual asset service providers (VASPs).

5️⃣ Emerging Financial Crime Scenarios
Money launderers continuously evolve their tactics, using shell companies, multi-layered transactions, and AI-driven fraud techniques. Banks must deploy AML solutions that can adapt in real-time to emerging threats.

How Tookitaki Helps Banks Strengthen AML Compliance

Tookitaki’s AI-powered AML compliance solutions provide Hong Kong banks with a future-ready approach to financial crime prevention.

Comprehensive AML Transaction Monitoring
✔️ Real-time monitoring of billions of transactions to detect money laundering risks.
✔️ AI-driven anomaly detection to reduce false positives by up to 90%.
✔️ Automated sandbox testing to fine-tune detection models for better regulatory alignment.

Smart Screening for Sanctions & PEP Compliance
✔️ Identify high-risk entities with real-time screening against global sanctions & PEP lists.
✔️ Reduce false alerts using 50+ advanced AI name-matching techniques across 25+ languages.

AI-Driven Customer Risk Scoring
✔️ Generate 360-degree customer risk profiles based on transactions, counterparty data, and behaviour analytics.
✔️ Detect hidden financial crime networks with graph-based risk visualization.

Smart Alert Management & Case Handling
✔️ Reduce false positives by up to 70% using self-learning AI models.
✔️ Automate Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) generation for faster compliance reporting.

AFC Ecosystem: A Collaborative AML Compliance Solution
Tookitaki’s AFC (Anti-Financial Crime) Ecosystem enables banks to:
✔️ Access 100% risk coverage with community-driven AML scenarios.
✔️ Utilize a global scenario repository, constantly updated with real-world financial crime scenarios.

{{cta-whitepaper}}

Why Banks in Hong Kong Choose Tookitaki for AML Compliance

With Tookitaki’s AI-powered AML compliance platform FinCense, banks in Hong Kong can:
✅ Meet HKMA and FATF compliance requirements effortlessly.
✅ Reduce compliance costs by 50% through automated risk detection.
✅ Enhance fraud detection with 90%+ accuracy in identifying suspicious activities.

AML Compliance for Banks in Hong Kong: Challenges & How Tookitaki Can Help
Blogs
14 Aug 2025
5 min
read

Smarter Investigations: The Rise of AML Investigation Tools in Australia

In the battle against financial crime, the right AML investigation tools turn data overload into actionable intelligence.

Australian compliance teams face a constant challenge — growing transaction volumes, increasingly sophisticated money laundering techniques, and tighter AUSTRAC scrutiny. In this environment, AML investigation tools aren’t just nice-to-have — they’re essential for turning endless alerts into fast, confident decisions.

Talk to an Expert

Why AML Investigations Are Getting Harder in Australia

1. Explosion of Transaction Data

With the New Payments Platform (NPP) and cross-border corridors, institutions must monitor millions of transactions daily.

2. More Complex Typologies

From mule networks to shell companies, layering techniques are harder to detect with static rules alone.

3. Regulatory Expectations

AUSTRAC demands timely and accurate Suspicious Matter Reports (SMRs). Delays or incomplete investigations can lead to penalties and reputational damage.

4. Resource Constraints

Skilled AML investigators are in short supply. Teams must do more with fewer people — making efficiency critical.

What Are AML Investigation Tools?

AML investigation tools are specialised software platforms that help compliance teams analyse suspicious activity, prioritise cases, and document findings for regulators.

They typically include features such as:

  • Alert triage and prioritisation
  • Transaction visualisation
  • Entity and relationship mapping
  • Case management workflows
  • Automated reporting capabilities

Key Features of Effective AML Investigation Tools

1. Integrated Case Management

Centralise all alerts, documents, and investigator notes in one platform.

2. Entity Resolution & Network Analysis

Link accounts, devices, and counterparties to uncover hidden connections in laundering networks.

3. Transaction Visualisation

Graph-based displays make it easier to trace fund flows and identify suspicious patterns.

4. AI-Powered Insights

Machine learning models suggest likely outcomes, surface overlooked anomalies, and flag high-risk entities faster.

5. Workflow Automation

Automate repetitive steps like KYC refresh requests, sanctions re-checks, and document retrieval.

6. Regulator-Ready Reporting

Generate Suspicious Matter Reports (SMRs) and audit logs that meet AUSTRAC’s requirements.

ChatGPT Image Aug 13, 2025, 12_27_28 PM

Why These Tools Matter in Australia’s Compliance Landscape

  • Speed: Fraud and laundering through NPP happen in seconds — investigations need to move just as fast.
  • Accuracy: AI-driven tools reduce false positives, ensuring analysts focus on real threats.
  • Compliance Assurance: Detailed audit trails prove that due diligence was carried out thoroughly.

Use Cases in Australia

Case 1: Cross-Border Layering Detection

An Australian bank flagged multiple small transfers to different ASEAN countries. The AML investigation tool mapped the network, revealing links to a known mule syndicate.

Case 2: Crypto Exchange Investigations

AML tools traced a high-value Bitcoin-to-fiat conversion back to an account flagged in a sanctions database, enabling rapid SMR submission.

Advanced Capabilities to Look For

Federated Intelligence

Access anonymised typologies and red flags from a network of institutions to spot emerging threats faster.

Embedded AI Copilot

Assist investigators in summarising cases, recommending next steps, and even drafting SMRs.

Scenario Simulation

Test detection scenarios against historical data before deploying them live.

Spotlight: Tookitaki’s FinCense and FinMate

FinCense integrates investigation workflows directly into its AML platform, while FinMate, Tookitaki’s AI investigation copilot, supercharges analyst productivity.

  • Automated Summaries: Generates natural language case narratives for internal and regulatory reporting.
  • Risk Prioritisation: Highlights the highest-risk cases first.
  • Real-Time Intelligence: Pulls in global typology updates from the AFC Ecosystem.
  • Full Transparency: Glass-box AI explains every decision, satisfying AUSTRAC’s audit requirements.

With FinCense and FinMate, Australian institutions can cut investigation times by up to 50% — without compromising quality.

Conclusion: From Data to Decisions — Faster

The volume and complexity of alerts in modern AML programmes make manual investigation unsustainable. The right AML investigation tools transform scattered data into actionable insights, helping compliance teams stay ahead of both criminals and regulators.

Pro tip: Choose tools that not only investigate faster, but also learn from every case — making your compliance programme smarter over time.

Smarter Investigations: The Rise of AML Investigation Tools in Australia