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Understanding PEPs: Definition, Types & Risk Levels According to FATF

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Tookitaki
12 Oct 2021
7 min
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The term "Politically Exposed Person" or PEP often comes up in conversations around anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). But what exactly does it mean, and why should you care? When it comes to understanding what is a pep, it is essential to comprehend that these individuals possess great power, influence, and consequently, a higher propensity to engage in illicit activities such as bribery or money laundering

In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the intricate world of PEPs, as outlined by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the global money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog, and shed light on the significance of PEP screening in financial institutions.

What is a PEP and PEP according to FATF

A Politically Exposed Person (PEP) is an individual who has been entrusted with a prominent public function, either domestically or internationally. Due to their position and influence, PEPs are at a higher risk of being involved in bribery, corruption, or money laundering. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) provides a detailed framework to understand the definition and types of PEPs, which serves as a global standard for nations and organizations alike.

Examples of PEP

PEPs are not just confined to politicians. They can also include senior government officials, judicial authorities, military officers, and even high-ranking members of state-owned enterprises. For instance, a mayor of a large city, a general in the army, or a CEO of a government-owned oil company could all be considered PEPs.

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PEPs, as per the FATF classification, embody individuals who currently serve or previously held a significant public function in a country. The high-risk nature of these roles is often associated with an enhanced likelihood of their involvement in financial crimes. This susceptibility stems from their ability to influence decisions and control resources, which can potentially be exploited for personal gains. The following categories encapsulate the diverse roles that a PEP may hold:

  • Government Roles: High-ranking officials in either the legislative, executive, or judiciary branches of government. This can range from members of parliament and supreme court judges to ambassadors and diplomats.
  • Organizational Roles: Individuals holding prominent positions in governmental commercial enterprises or political parties. This could include board members of a central bank, party leaders, or high-ranking military officials.
  • Associations: Close associates, either through social or professional connections, to a PEP. This could encompass family members, close relatives, or individuals holding beneficial ownership of a legal entity in which the government is a stakeholder.

Types of PEP Defined by FATF

Bearing in mind the broad scope of what is a PEP, the FATF has further divided PEPs into three primary categories, namely Foreign, Domestic, and International Organization PEPs.

  • Foreign PEPs: These are individuals who hold or have held prominent public positions in a foreign country. The risk associated with foreign PEPs is generally higher due to the challenges in obtaining accurate and timely data about these individuals.
  • Domestic PEPs: These refer to individuals who hold or have held significant public functions within their home country. While they also pose a risk, it is generally lower than that of their foreign counterparts due to better access to information.
  • International Organization PEPs: These are individuals who hold or have held a high-ranking position in an international organization. The risk associated with these PEPs can vary depending on factors such as the organization's transparency, the individual's role, and the level of oversight exercised.
HOW FATF CLASSIFIES PEPs

PEP Risk Levels

Understanding the PEP definition is only the first step in managing financial crime risks. The subsequent step involves a detailed risk assessment, which is crucial for regulated corporations dealing with PEPs. 

Risk associated with PEPs is generally assessed on multiple factors including the corruption level of the country they originate from, the nature of their role, and their access to significant financial resources. It's a tiered approach, ranging from low to high risk, and the scrutiny applied varies accordingly. The FATF outlines four levels of risk for PEPs:

  • Low-level risk: This encompasses supranational or international business officials and senior functionaries, as well as members of local, state, district, and urban assemblies.
  • Medium/low-level risk: This category includes top officials of government boards and state-owned enterprises such as heads of judiciaries, banks, military, law enforcement, and high-ranked civil servants in state agencies and religious organizations.
  • Medium/high-level risk: This segment includes individuals who are members of the government, parliament, judiciary, banks, law enforcement, military, and prominent political parties.
  • High-level risk: This is the highest risk category and includes heads of state or government, senior politicians, judicial or military officials, senior executives of state-owned corporations, and important party officials.

Red Flags to Watch Out for PEPs by FATF

Recognizing the potential risks associated with PEPs, the FATF has highlighted several red flags that can indicate suspicious activity. These indicators act as warning signals for possible financial abuse and can help corporations detect and control potential illegal activities involving PEPs. Here are some key red flags outlined by the FATF:

  • Unusual Wealth: A drastic and unexplained increase in a PEP's wealth can be a significant red flag.
  • Offshore Accounts: Frequent use of offshore accounts without a logical or apparent reason.
  • Shell Companies: Involvement in operations through shell companies that lack transparency.
  • Identity Concealment: PEPs might attempt to hide their identities to evade scrutiny. This could involve assigning legal ownership to another individual, frequently interacting with intermediaries, or using corporate structures to obscure ownership.
  • Suspicious Behavior: This could include secrecy about the source of funds, providing false or insufficient information, eagerness to justify business dealings, denial of an entry visa, or frequent movement of funds across countries.
  • Company Position: The PEP's position within the company could also raise concerns. This could include having control over the company's funds, operations, policies, or anti-money laundering/terrorist financing mechanisms.
  • Industry: Certain industries are considered high-risk due to their nature and the potential for exploitation. This could include banking and finance, military and defense, businesses dealing with government agencies, construction, mining and extraction, and public goods provision.

Changes in PEP Status: An Evolving Landscape

The PEP landscape has witnessed several changes over the years, primarily in the definition and monitoring of PEPs. The term PEP was initially used to describe senior government officials and their immediate family members only. However, the definition has since been expanded to include individuals who hold prominent positions in international organizations, as well as their close associates. This change reflects the evolving nature of the global economy, where non-governmental organizations and international institutions wield significant power and influence.

The monitoring of PEPs has also evolved. Previously, self-disclosure was the primary method to identify a PEP, which was often ineffective, as some PEPs chose to hide their status or failed to disclose it accurately. Today, governments and financial institutions have access to sophisticated databases and screening tools, thanks to advanced AML compliance software, enhancing the ability to detect potential money laundering and corruption risks associated with PEPs.

Why PEP Screening is Important

Financial crimes pose a significant global concern, and organizations are obligated to comply with anti-money laundering regulations to combat such crimes. As part of this compliance, institutions must identify customers who may have a higher risk of being involved in financial crimes. PEP screening is a crucial process during account opening that helps identify high-risk customers and prevent financial crimes. Failure to adhere to these screening procedures can result in penalties from AML regulators for non-compliant organizations.

PEP screening is crucial because these individuals are at a higher risk of involvement in bribery, corruption, and money laundering due to their position and influence. Failure to conduct proper screening can result in heavy fines for the institution and reputational damage. More importantly, it can facilitate financial crimes that have societal impacts.

How Tookitaki Can Help

As an award-winning regulatory technology (RegTech) company, we are revolutionising financial crime detection and prevention for banks and fintechs with our cutting-edge solutions. We provide an end-to-end, AI-powered AML compliance platform, named the Anti-Money Laundering Suite (AMLS), with modular solutions that help financial institutions deal with the ever-changing financial crime landscape.

Our Smart Screening solution provides accurate screening of names and transactions across many languages and a continuous monitoring framework for comprehensive risk management. Our powerful name-matching engine screens and prioritises all name search hits, helping to achieve 80% precision and 90% recall levels in screening programmes of financial institutions.

The features of our Smart Screening solution include:

  • Advanced machine learning engine that powers  50+ name-matching techniques
  • Comprehensive matching enabled by the use of multiple attributes i.e; name, address, gender, date of birth, incorporation and more
  • Individual language models to improve accuracy across 18+ languages and 10 different scripts
  • Built-in transliteration engine for effective cross-lingual matching
  • Scalable to support massive watchlist data

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Final Thoughts

In order to mitigate the risks associated with PEPs, it is imperative for financial institutions to implement robust PEP screening processes within their compliance framework. By doing so, they not only shield themselves from potential involvement in illicit activities but also safeguard their reputation and actively contribute to the global fight against financial crime.

Tookitaki's innovative Smart Screening solution offers precise screening of customers and transactions against sanctions, PEPs, Adverse Media, and various watchlists in real-time across over 22 languages. With an impressive 90% accuracy rate, this cutting-edge technology utilizes 12 advanced name-matching techniques on 7 customer attributes, incorporating a multi-stage matching mechanism and cross-lingual matching capabilities. To explore more about the capabilities of Tookitaki's screening solution, schedule a consultation session by clicking the link below.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a PEP according to FATF?

A PEP, according to FATF, is an individual who is or has been entrusted with a prominent public function, making them a higher risk for involvement in bribery and corruption.

What are some examples of PEPs?

Examples include politicians, high-ranking military officials, and senior executives in state-owned corporations.

Why is PEP screening important?

PEP screening is crucial for mitigating the risk of financial crimes like money laundering and corruption, which could result in severe penalties and reputational damage for the financial institution involved.

What are the types of PEPs defined by FATF?

FATF defines several types of PEPs including domestic, foreign, and those in international organisations.

What are some red flags to watch for in PEPs?

Red flags include sudden wealth accumulation, frequent use of offshore accounts, and involvement with shell companies.

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Blogs
12 Sep 2025
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Cracking the Case: Why AML Case Management Software is a Game Changer for Banks in Australia

As compliance risks mount, AML case management software is helping Australian banks move faster, smarter, and with greater confidence.

Introduction

Anti-money laundering (AML) compliance is not only about detecting suspicious activity. It is also about what happens next. Every suspicious matter must be investigated, documented, and, if necessary, reported to regulators like AUSTRAC. For banks and fintechs, the investigation process is often where compliance bottlenecks occur.

Enter AML case management software. These platforms streamline investigations, reduce manual work, and create regulator-ready records that satisfy AUSTRAC requirements. In Australia, where the New Payments Platform (NPP) has intensified real-time compliance pressures, case management has become a core part of the compliance tech stack.

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What is AML Case Management Software?

AML case management software provides a centralised platform for investigating, documenting, and resolving suspicious alerts. Instead of relying on spreadsheets, emails, and fragmented tools, investigators work within a single system that:

  • Collects alerts from monitoring systems.
  • Provides contextual data for faster decision-making.
  • Tracks actions and escalations.
  • Generates regulator-ready reports and audit trails.

In short, it is the engine room of AML compliance operations.

Why Case Management Matters in AML

1. Rising Alert Volumes

Banks generate thousands of alerts daily, most of which turn out to be false positives. Without case management, investigators drown in manual work.

2. AUSTRAC Expectations

Regulators require detailed audit trails for how alerts are reviewed, decisions made, and reports submitted. Poor documentation is a compliance failure.

3. Operational Efficiency

Manual workflows are slow and error-prone. Case management software reduces investigation times, freeing up staff for higher-value work.

4. Reputational Risk

Missed suspicious activity can lead to penalties and reputational damage, as seen in recent high-profile AUSTRAC enforcement cases.

5. Staff Retention

Investigator burnout is real. Streamlined workflows reduce frustration and improve retention in compliance teams.

Core Features of AML Case Management Software

1. Centralised Investigation Hub

All alerts flow into one platform, giving investigators a single view of risks across channels.

2. Automated Workflows

Routine tasks like data collection and alert assignment are automated, reducing manual effort.

3. Risk Scoring and Prioritisation

Alerts are prioritised based on severity, ensuring investigators focus on the most urgent cases.

4. Collaboration Tools

Teams can collaborate in-platform, with notes, escalation paths, and approvals tracked transparently.

5. Regulator-Ready Reporting

Generates Suspicious Matter Reports (SMRs), Threshold Transaction Reports (TTRs), and International Funds Transfer Instructions (IFTIs) aligned with AUSTRAC standards.

6. Audit Trails

Tracks every action taken on a case, creating clear evidence for regulator reviews.

7. AI Support

Modern platforms integrate AI to summarise alerts, suggest next steps, and reduce investigation times.

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Challenges Without Case Management

  • Fragmented Data: Investigators waste time gathering information from multiple systems.
  • Inconsistent Documentation: Different staff record cases differently, creating compliance gaps.
  • Slow Turnaround: Manual workflows cannot keep up with real-time payment risks.
  • High Operational Costs: Large teams are needed to handle even moderate alert volumes.
  • Regulatory Exposure: Poorly documented investigations can result in AUSTRAC penalties.

Red Flags That Demand Strong Case Management

  • Customers sending high-value transfers to new beneficiaries.
  • Accounts showing rapid pass-through activity with no balances.
  • Cross-border remittances involving high-risk jurisdictions.
  • Unexplained source of funds or reluctance to provide documentation.
  • Device or location changes followed by suspicious transactions.
  • Multiple accounts linked to the same IP address.

Each of these scenarios must be investigated thoroughly and consistently. Without effective case management, important red flags may slip through the cracks.

Case Example: Community-Owned Banks Taking the Lead

Community-owned banks like Regional Australia Bank and Beyond Bank have adopted advanced compliance platforms with case management capabilities to strengthen investigations. By doing so, they have reduced false positives, streamlined workflows, and maintained strong AUSTRAC alignment.

Their success shows that robust case management is not just for Tier-1 institutions. Mid-sized banks and fintechs can also achieve world-class compliance by adopting the right technology.

Spotlight: Tookitaki’s FinCense

FinCense, Tookitaki’s end-to-end compliance platform, includes advanced case management features designed to support Australian institutions.

  • Centralised Investigations: All alerts flow into one unified case management system.
  • FinMate AI Copilot: Summarises alerts, suggests actions, and drafts regulator-ready narratives.
  • Federated Intelligence: Accesses real-world scenarios from the AFC Ecosystem to provide context for investigations.
  • Regulator Reporting: Auto-generates AUSTRAC-compliant SMRs, TTRs, and IFTIs.
  • Audit Trails: Tracks every investigator action for transparency.
  • Cross-Channel Coverage: Banking, wallets, remittances, cards, and crypto all integrated.

With FinCense, compliance teams can move from reactive investigations to proactive case management, improving efficiency and resilience.

Best Practices for AML Case Management in Australia

  1. Integrate Case Management with Monitoring Systems: Avoid silos by connecting transaction monitoring, screening, and case management.
  2. Use AI for Efficiency: Deploy AI copilots to reduce false positives and accelerate reviews.
  3. Document Everything: Ensure audit trails are complete, consistent, and regulator-ready.
  4. Adopt a Risk-Based Approach: Focus resources on high-risk customers and transactions.
  5. Invest in Staff Training: Technology is only as good as the people using it.
  6. Conduct Regular Reviews: Independent audits of case management processes are essential.

The Future of AML Case Management Software

1. AI-First Investigations

AI copilots will increasingly handle routine case reviews, leaving human analysts to focus on complex scenarios.

2. Integration with NPP and PayTo

Case management will need to handle alerts tied to real-time and overlay services.

3. Collaboration Across Institutions

Shared intelligence networks will allow banks to collaborate on fraud and money laundering investigations.

4. Predictive Case Management

Instead of reacting to alerts, future platforms will predict high-risk customers and transactions before fraud occurs.

5. Cost Efficiency Focus

With compliance costs rising, automation will be critical to keeping operations sustainable.

Conclusion

In Australia’s fast-paced financial environment, AML case management software is no longer optional. It is a necessity for banks, fintechs, and remittance providers navigating AUSTRAC’s expectations and real-time fraud risks.

Community-owned banks like Regional Australia Bank and Beyond Bank show that advanced case management is achievable for institutions of all sizes. Platforms like FinCense provide the tools to manage alerts, streamline investigations, and build regulator-ready records, all while reducing costs.

Pro tip: The best case management systems are not just about compliance. They help institutions stay resilient, protect customers, and build trust in a competitive market.

Cracking the Case: Why AML Case Management Software is a Game Changer for Banks in Australia
Blogs
11 Sep 2025
6 min
read

Inside Taiwan’s War on Scams: The Future of Financial Fraud Solutions

Fraudsters are innovating as fast as fintech, and Taiwan needs smarter financial fraud solutions to keep pace.

From instant payments to digital wallets, Taiwan’s financial sector has embraced speed and convenience. But these advances have also opened new doors for fraud: phishing, investment scams, mule networks, and synthetic identities. In response, banks, regulators, and technology providers are racing to deploy next-generation financial fraud solutions that balance security with seamless customer experience.

The Rising Fraud Challenge in Taiwan

Taiwan’s economy is increasingly digital. Contactless payments, mobile wallets, and cross-border e-commerce have flourished, bringing convenience to millions of consumers. At the same time, the risks have multiplied:

  • Social Engineering Scams: Romance scams and “pig butchering” schemes are draining consumer savings.
  • Cross-Border Syndicates: International fraud networks exploit Taiwan’s financial rails to launder illicit proceeds.
  • Account Takeover (ATO): Fraudsters use phishing and malware to compromise accounts, moving funds rapidly before detection.
  • Fake E-Commerce Merchants: Fraudulent sellers create websites or storefronts, collect payments, and disappear, eroding trust in digital platforms.
  • Crypto-Linked Fraud: With the rise of virtual assets, scams tied to unlicensed exchanges and token offerings have surged.

According to the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC), fraud complaints involving online transactions have climbed steadily over the past three years. Taiwan’s Bankers Association has echoed these concerns, urging members to invest in advanced fraud monitoring and customer awareness campaigns.

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What Are Financial Fraud Solutions?

Financial fraud solutions encompass the frameworks, strategies, and technologies that institutions use to prevent, detect, and respond to fraudulent activities. Unlike traditional approaches, which often rely on siloed checks, modern solutions are designed to provide end-to-end protection across the entire customer lifecycle.

Key components include:

  1. Transaction Monitoring – Analysing every payment in real time to detect anomalies.
  2. Identity Verification – Validating users with biometric checks, device fingerprinting, and KYC processes.
  3. Behavioural Analytics – Profiling user habits to flag suspicious deviations.
  4. AI-Powered Detection – Using machine learning models to anticipate and intercept fraud.
  5. Collaborative Intelligence – Sharing typologies and red flags across institutions.
  6. Regulatory Compliance – Ensuring alignment with FSC directives and FATF standards.

In Taiwan, where payment volumes are exploding and scams dominate the headlines, these solutions are not optional. They are essential.

Why Taiwan Needs Smarter Fraud Solutions

Several factors make Taiwan uniquely vulnerable to financial fraud.

  • Instant Payments via FISC: The Financial Information Service Co. operates the backbone of Taiwan’s real-time payments. With millions of transactions per day, fraud can occur within seconds, leaving little room for manual intervention.
  • Cross-Border Exposure: Taiwan’s strong trade links and remittance flows expose banks to fraud originating abroad, often tied to organised crime.
  • High Digital Adoption: With rapid uptake of e-wallets and online banking, consumers are more exposed to phishing and fake websites.
  • Public Trust: Fraud scandals frequently make headlines, creating reputational risk for banks that fail to protect their customers.

Without robust solutions, financial institutions risk losses, regulatory penalties, and erosion of customer confidence.

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Components of Effective Financial Fraud Solutions

AI-Driven Monitoring

Fraudsters continually adapt their methods. Static rules cannot keep up. AI-powered systems like Tookitaki’s FinCense continuously learn from evolving fraud attempts, helping banks identify subtle anomalies such as unusual login patterns or abnormal transaction velocity.

Behavioural Analytics

By analysing customer habits, institutions can detect deviations in real time. For example, if a user typically transfers small amounts domestically but suddenly sends large sums overseas, the system can raise alerts.

Federated Intelligence

Fraudsters target multiple institutions simultaneously. Sharing intelligence is key. Through Tookitaki’s AFC Ecosystem, Taiwanese institutions can access global fraud scenarios and typologies contributed by experts, enabling them to spot patterns that might otherwise slip through.

Smart Investigations

Compliance teams often struggle with false positives. FinCense reduces noise by applying AI to prioritise alerts, ensuring investigators focus on genuine risks while improving operational efficiency.

Customer Protection

Fraud prevention must protect without creating friction. Solutions that combine strong authentication, transparent processes, and smooth user experience help safeguard both customers and brand reputation.

Taiwan’s Regulatory Backdrop

The FSC has emphasised the importance of proactive fraud monitoring and has urged banks to implement real-time systems. Taiwan is also under the lens of FATF evaluations, which review the country’s AML and CFT frameworks.

Regulatory expectations include:

  • Comprehensive monitoring for suspicious activity.
  • Alignment with FATF’s risk-based approach.
  • Demonstrated capability to detect new and emerging fraud typologies.
  • Transparent audit trails that show how fraud alerts are handled.

Tookitaki’s FinCense addresses these requirements directly, combining explainable AI with audit-ready reporting to ensure regulatory alignment.

Case Study: Investment Scam Typology

Imagine a Taiwanese consumer is lured into a fraudulent investment scheme promising high returns. Funds are transferred into multiple mule accounts before being layered into overseas merchants.

Traditional rule-based systems may only flag the activity after multiple complaints. With FinCense, the fraud can be intercepted earlier. The platform’s federated learning detects similar patterns across institutions, recognising the hallmarks of mule activity and flagging the transactions in near real time.

This proactive approach demonstrates how advanced fraud solutions transform outcomes.

Technology at the Heart of Financial Fraud Solutions

The new era of fraud prevention in Taiwan is technology-driven. Leading platforms integrate:

  • Machine Learning Models trained on large and diverse fraud data sets.
  • Explainable AI (XAI) that provides clarity to regulators and compliance teams.
  • Real-Time Decision Engines that act within seconds.
  • Automated Dispositioning that reduces manual investigation overhead.
  • Cross-Border Data Insights that connect red flags across jurisdictions.

Tookitaki’s FinCense embodies this approach. Positioned as the Trust Layer to fight financial crime, it enables institutions in Taiwan to defend against fraud while maintaining operational efficiency and customer trust.

The Role of Consumer Awareness

Even the best technology cannot prevent every scam if customers are unaware of the risks. Taiwanese banks have a responsibility to educate consumers about common tactics such as smishing, fake job offers, and fraudulent investment opportunities.

Paired with AI-powered monitoring, awareness campaigns create a stronger, dual-layer defence. When customers know what to avoid and banks know how to intervene, fraud losses can be significantly reduced.

Building Trust and Inclusion

Fraud prevention is not just about stopping crime. It is also about building trust in the financial system. In Taiwan, where digital inclusion is a national priority, protecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly or first-time online banking users is critical.

Advanced fraud solutions ensure these groups can safely access financial services. By reducing fraud risk, banks help drive inclusion while protecting the integrity of the broader economy.

Collaboration Is the Future

Fraudsters are organised, networked, and global. Taiwan’s response must be the same. The future lies in collaborative solutions that connect institutions, regulators, and technology providers.

The AFC Ecosystem exemplifies this model, enabling knowledge sharing across borders and empowering institutions to stay ahead of evolving scams. Taiwan’s adoption of such frameworks can serve as a model for Asia.

Conclusion: Trust Is Taiwan’s Real Currency

In today’s financial system, trust is the currency that matters most. Financial fraud solutions are not only about protecting transactions but also about preserving confidence in the digital economy.

By leveraging advanced platforms such as Tookitaki’s FinCense, Taiwanese banks and fintechs can transform fraud prevention from a reactive defence to a proactive, intelligent, and collaborative strategy. The result is a financial system that is both innovative and resilient, positioning Taiwan as a leader in fraud resilience across Asia.

Inside Taiwan’s War on Scams: The Future of Financial Fraud Solutions
Blogs
11 Sep 2025
6 min
read

Account Takeover Fraud Detection: Protecting Australian Banks from a Growing Threat

Account takeover fraud is on the rise in Australia, and banks need advanced detection strategies to safeguard customers and meet AUSTRAC expectations.

Introduction

Imagine waking up to find that someone has drained your bank account overnight. This is the reality of account takeover (ATO) fraud, one of the fastest-growing financial crime threats worldwide. In Australia, with digital banking and real-time payments now the norm, account takeover fraud is becoming more frequent and costly.

For banks, fintechs, and payment providers, effective account takeover fraud detection is essential. It protects customers, preserves trust, and ensures compliance with AUSTRAC’s AML/CTF regulations. This blog explores how ATO works, red flags to watch for, and the strategies Australian institutions can use to fight back.

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What is Account Takeover Fraud?

Account takeover occurs when a criminal gains unauthorised access to a legitimate customer’s account. Once inside, they can:

  • Transfer funds instantly to mule accounts.
  • Make purchases using linked cards or wallets.
  • Change contact details to lock the victim out.
  • Exploit accounts for money laundering or layering activity.

ATO is often the starting point for broader fraud and laundering schemes.

How Criminals Commit Account Takeover

1. Phishing and Social Engineering

Fraudsters trick customers into revealing login credentials through fake emails, calls, or SMS messages.

2. Credential Stuffing

Stolen username and password combinations from data breaches are tested across multiple accounts.

3. Malware and Keylogging

Infected devices capture keystrokes, giving fraudsters access to login details.

4. SIM-Swapping

Mobile numbers are hijacked to intercept one-time passwords (OTPs).

5. Insider Threats

Employees with privileged access may collude with criminals to compromise accounts.

Why Account Takeover is a Major Risk in Australia

1. Real-Time Payments via NPP

Once fraudsters access an account, they can move funds instantly using the New Payments Platform. There is little time for recovery once the transfer is complete.

2. Scam Epidemic

ATO often overlaps with authorised push payment scams, where victims are manipulated into approving fraudulent transfers.

3. Increasing Digital Banking Adoption

With more Australians banking online and via apps, the attack surface for fraudsters has expanded significantly.

4. Regulatory Focus

AUSTRAC expects institutions to have systems capable of detecting suspicious login behaviour and unusual account activity.

Red Flags for Account Takeover Fraud Detection

  • Logins from unusual geographic locations.
  • Sudden device changes, such as a new mobile or browser.
  • Rapid changes in account details (email, phone number) followed by transactions.
  • High-value transfers to newly added beneficiaries.
  • Multiple failed login attempts followed by success.
  • Rapid pass-through activity with no account balance retention.
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Impact of Account Takeover Fraud

  1. Financial Losses: Customers may lose life savings, and banks may face liability.
  2. Reputational Damage: Trust erodes quickly when customers feel unsafe.
  3. Regulatory Penalties: Failing to detect and report ATO-related laundering can lead to AUSTRAC fines.
  4. Operational Burden: Investigating false positives consumes significant resources.

Strategies for Effective Account Takeover Fraud Detection

1. Real-Time Monitoring

Continuous risk scoring of logins, device activity, and transactions ensures fraud is detected as it happens.

2. Behavioural Analytics

Monitoring how users type, swipe, or interact with apps can reveal when an account is being accessed by someone else.

3. Device Fingerprinting

Unique device IDs and browser configurations help spot unauthorised access.

4. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

Strengthens login security, though fraudsters may still bypass via SIM swaps or phishing.

5. AI and Machine Learning

Adaptive models detect unusual behaviour patterns without relying solely on rules.

6. Integrated Case Management

Alerts should flow directly to investigators with full context for rapid resolution.

7. Customer Education

Raising awareness of phishing and scams helps reduce the number of compromised accounts.

Challenges in Detecting ATO Fraud

  • False Positives: Legitimate unusual activity, such as travel, can trigger alerts.
  • Speed of Attacks: Fraudsters exploit real-time payments to move funds before detection.
  • Data Silos: Fragmented systems make it difficult to connect login and transaction activity.
  • Evolving Tactics: Criminals constantly refine phishing, malware, and credential-stuffing methods.

Case Example: Community-Owned Banks Taking Action

Community-owned banks like Regional Australia Bank and Beyond Bank are deploying advanced compliance platforms to detect account takeover fraud in real time. Despite their smaller scale, these institutions have strengthened customer protection while ensuring AUSTRAC compliance.

Their example shows that innovation in fraud detection is not limited to the big four banks. With the right technology, mid-sized institutions can deliver world-class protection.

Spotlight: Tookitaki’s FinCense for ATO Detection

FinCense, Tookitaki’s compliance platform, provides specialised features for account takeover fraud detection:

  • Real-Time Detection: Identifies suspicious login and transaction behaviour instantly.
  • Agentic AI: Adapts continuously to new fraud tactics while minimising false positives.
  • Federated Intelligence: Accesses scenarios from the AFC Ecosystem, providing insight into emerging ATO techniques.
  • FinMate AI Copilot: Summarises alerts, recommends next steps, and drafts regulator-ready reports.
  • Cross-Channel Coverage: Monitors activity across banking, wallets, remittances, and crypto.
  • AUSTRAC Alignment: Generates suspicious matter reports and maintains full audit trails.

By integrating these capabilities, FinCense allows Australian institutions to stop account takeover fraud before losses occur.

Future Trends in Account Takeover Fraud Detection

  1. Deepfake Impersonation: Fraudsters may use AI-generated voices or videos to bypass authentication.
  2. Smarter Bot Attacks: Automated credential stuffing will become more sophisticated.
  3. Shared Industry Databases: Banks will collaborate on intelligence to stop fraud mid-flight.
  4. AI-Powered Investigations: Copilots like FinMate will take on more of the investigative workload.
  5. Balance Between Security and UX: Customer-friendly authentication will remain a priority.

Conclusion

Account takeover fraud is one of the most dangerous threats facing Australian banks, fintechs, and payment providers today. Criminals exploit compromised credentials to move funds instantly, leaving little time for recovery.

For institutions, effective account takeover fraud detection requires a combination of real-time monitoring, behavioural analytics, adaptive AI, and regulator-ready reporting. Community-owned banks like Regional Australia Bank and Beyond Bank prove that strong defences are achievable for institutions of all sizes.

Pro tip: Do not rely solely on stronger logins. Combine authentication with real-time behavioural monitoring and AI-driven detection to stay ahead of account takeover fraud.

Account Takeover Fraud Detection: Protecting Australian Banks from a Growing Threat